class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Beyond the Reference Management Software: Strategies for Developing an Effective Literature Review ## Atsushi Mizumoto (Kansai University) ### June 30, 2019
Methoken Workshop @ Fukuoka University --- class: inverse, center, middle # Why literature review? ![cat](https://media.giphy.com/media/TlK63ER9ADNiIZlK56U/giphy.gif) ### Inadequate literature reviews (e.g., 40%) <br> ### Purpose of storing literature --- class: inverse, center, middle # Why strategies? ![concept](images/concept.jpg) ### No specific magical strategies that work for all.<br> ### Expand your repertoire and raise awareness. --- background-image: url(http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcToNp5qf04mRGN-hu6-oYftHeYx_fMBk2El5tSAouNI_P3HwLyG) background-position: center background-size: contain class: center, bottom, inverse # [Onwuegbuzie and Frels (2016)](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/1446248925) --- background-image: url(https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51SQ-YY26QL._SX356_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg) background-position: center background-size: contain class: center, bottom, inverse # [Ohki (2016)](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4263235819/) --- background-image: url(https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41HYxKpNV3L._SX350_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg) background-position: center ### 50% 50% でもOK background-size: contain class: center, bottom, inverse # [Urano et al. (2016)](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4327421979/) --- # The CLR Process ### 1. Exploring Topics ### 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### 5. Writing .footnote[*Note.* There are 7 steps in Onwuegbuzie and Frels (2016).] --- # The CLR Process ### <font color="Crimson">**1. Exploring Topics**</font> ### 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### 5. Writing --- # 1. Exploring Topics -- ### Narrative reviews vs. systematic reviews -- ### Research = "systematic process of inquiry" (Nunan, 1992) ### Keywords: explicit, exhaustive, comprehensive, reproducible -- ### How to find topics? -- - Considering interest, value, and practicability - Finding a research gap - Knowing the theoretical framework - Narrowing down the focus (i.e., constructs) - Deciding a tentative topic and questions --- # The CLR Process ### 1. Exploring Topics ### <font color="Crimson">**2. Searching and Collecting Information**</font> ### 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### 5. Writing --- # 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### How do you find and collect relevant key literature? -- 1. Databases (e.g., ProQuest, Web of Science) > Google 1. Journals (e.g., e-mails, RSS feed reader) 1. Google Scholar (search and alerts) 1. Social media (e.g., Twitter, Academia, ResearchGate) 1. Books (specialized or introductory) => Library? 1. Original corpus (searching for keywords) 1. Others --- # Tips for Searching and Collecting Information -- ### - Keep an eye out for available resources. -- ### - Get used to searching databases (e.g., options, Boolean operators [and, or, but]). -- ### - Try to find stronger keywords. Text mining is useful. -- ### - Keep track of the keywords for reproducibility. -- ### - Seek help from others (especially experienced researchers). --- # The CLR Process ### 1. Exploring Topics ### 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### <font color="Crimson">**3. Storing and Organizing Information**</font> ### 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### 5. Writing --- # 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### How do you store and organize literature? -- 1. Nothing -- 1. Cardboard boxes (hard copy) 1. Index cards -- 1. Word processing software (e.g., MS Word) 1. Spreadsheet programs (e.g., MS Excel) 1. Folders in a cloud-based service (e.g., Dropbox) -- 1. Reference management software (e.g., Endnote, Mendeley, Zotero) 1. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) or CAMMDAS (e.g., MAXQDA, NVivo, QDA Miner) 1. Mixing some of the above. --- # Example: Spreadsheet programs ### [The matrix method](https://readingmonkey.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-684.html) --- class: center, middle # Example: Spreadsheet programs ### ["Research Timeline" in Language Teaching](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-teaching/article/teaching-and-learning-collocation-in-adult-second-and-foreign-language-learning/A950F8F80BDD64E02D3F6052BA705478) ![Timeline](images/timeline.png) --- background-image: url(images/Mendeley.jpg) background-size: 600px background-position: 50% 95% class: center # Example: Reference management software ### Mendeley --- # In the Past (Methoken Gatherings) - February 2011: "Useful Tools for Writing Papers in English" - June 2016: "Introducing Mendeley" w/ Tatsuya Nakata (Zotero) - April 2016: "Synchronizing Mendeley Data among Macs" [(blog post)](http://mizumot.com/lablog/archives/1144) .center[![sync](images/sync.jpg)] - Big advocate of Mendeley! --- background-image: url(images/logo.jpg) background-size: 400px background-position: 50% 95% # [Exodus to Zotero](http://ill-identified.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/03/05/195257) ### Moving the library was really easy. ### Sync is much more reliable. No crash so far. Much faster. ### All the necessary features (e.g., folders, tags, notes, and add-ons) are available. --- background-image: url(https://www.maxqda.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/RIS-Datei-3-fenster-EN.png) background-size: 600px background-position: 50% 85% class: center # Example: CAQDAS ### [MAXQDA (YouTube Tutorial)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MikiBcP5uQQ) --- background-image: url(images/AcceptedOnline.png) background-size: 600px background-position: 50% 80% class: center # What do you do with these? ### Advance online publication --- # The CLR Process ### 1. Exploring Topics ### 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### <font color="Crimson">**4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information**</font> ### 5. Writing --- # 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### What do you use and how do you select, analyze, and synthesize literature? -- 1. I decide as I write. -- 1. Word processing software (e.g., MS Word) 1. Spreadsheet programs (e.g., MS Excel) -- 1. Outliners (outline processors) or Mindmap software -- 1. Reference management software (folders, tags, notes) 1. CAQDAS or CAMMDAS programs (coding and category development) 1. Others --- class: inverse, center, middle # Qualitative content analysis ## Coding and categorization <br> are the keys. ## "Coding is acquired <i>by doing</i>" ### (Onwuegbuzie & Frels, 2016) --- background-image: url(images/word.png) background-size: 400px background-position: 50% 80% class: center # Example: MS Word --- background-image: url(images/evernote.png) background-size: 800px background-position: 50% 70% class: center # Example: Evernote --- background-image: url(images/zotero.png) background-size: 800px background-position: 50% 70% class: center # Example: [Zotero](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRRIFtmc9qw) --- background-image: url(http://history2016.doingdh.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2016/07/Screen-Shot-2016-07-17-at-11.47.23-AM-1024x694.png) background-size: 800px background-position: 50% 85% class: center # [Zotero Plugin](https://github.com/corajr/zotero-voyant-export) --- background-image: url(images/maxqda.png) background-size: 800px background-position: 50% 70% class: center # Example: MAXQDA --- # Tips for Storing, Organizing, Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information -- ### - Choose the most appropriate strategy that works for you to store and organize the retrieved information. -- ### - Preferably, use the reference management software or CAQDAS/CAMMDAS. It will facilitate the management (and the formal analysis) of information and (pdf and related) files at the same time. -- ### - Assess sources based on claims (e.g., fact, value, concept, interpretation, observation). -- ### - Keep the notes somewhere systematically. --- # Tips for Storing, Organizing, Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information -- ### - Understand qualitative data analysis approaches, methods, and techniques (e.g., deductive/inductive coding) for selecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information. -- ### - "Haste makes waste." -- It will take time, but it's worth the effort. -- ### - Properly conducted, coding and categorization of the literature will be a valuable asset to your career as a researcher. --- # The CLR Process ### 1. Exploring Topics ### 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### <font color="Crimson">**5. Writing**</font> --- # 5. Writing ### What do you use and how do you write the literature review? -- 1. Just start writing. -- 1. Outliners (outline processors) or Mindmap software 1. Word processing software (e.g., MS Word, [Scrivener](https://www.literatureandlatte.com/scrivener/overview)) -- 1. LaTeX or Markdown --- background-image: url(images/outliner.png) background-size: 600px background-position: 50% 70% class: center # Example: Outliner (Cloud Outliner) --- background-image: url(images/kyotoappeal.png) background-size: 850px background-position: 50% 70% class: center # Example: Mindmap (MindNode) --- background-image: url(images/writingWord.jpg) background-size: 700px background-position: 50% 90% class: center # Example: MS Word --- background-image: url(images/latex.png) background-size: 750px background-position: 50% 70% class: center # Example: LaTeX --- # Tips for Crafting a Literature Review -- ### - ["A literature review is both the process and the product,"](https://laverne.libguides.com/litreviews) but you should focus on the product. -- "Done is better than perfect." -- ### - Crafting a literature review is like [telling a story](https://www.amazon.co.jp/Telling-Research-Writing-Literature-Review/dp/0472033360). In order to ensure coherence, always start with outlines. -- ### - Be aware of the expected genre writing (i.e., organization) for the introduction section in the IMRAD structure. -- ### - Use the tools that will facilitate your writing (e.g., [AWSuM](http://langtest.jp/awsum)) --- # The CLR Process ### 1. Exploring Topics ### 2. Searching and Collecting Information ### 3. Storing and Organizing Information ### 4. Selecting, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Information ### 5. Writing --- # Final Remarks -- ### - Raise your awareness towards the CLR process. The CLR has a methodology of its own. -- ### - Always seek more effective strategies. Don't hesitate to incorporate new strategies and resources. -- ### - Develop a set of strategies that works best for your needs and preferences (and budget). - "(I)t does not seem to matter so much what students do with new vocabulary <i>provided that they do something and that they do it consistently.</i>" (<i>Vocabulary Myth</i>, Folse, 2004, p. 91) -- ### - Make your literature review journey fun and fulfilling! --- class: inverse, bottom, center background-image: url(images/journey.jpeg) background-size: contain # Thanks! Slides created via the R package [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan). --- class: inverse, center, middle # Interested in Strategies? --- background-image: url(images/ssu3.jpg) background-size: 900px background-position: 50% 40% class: center, bottom # [http://ssu2019.org/](http://ssu2019.org/)